Premenstrual syndrome: an update on definitions, diagnosis and management
نویسنده
چکیده
show at least a 30% increase from the intensity of symptoms measured in the follicular phase, that is, in days 5–10 of the menstrual cycle, compared with those measured in the premenstrual phase (on the 6 days before menstruation). In addition, premenstrual changes must be prospectively documented for at least two consecutive menstrual cycles. Some research authorities stipulate a 50% worsening of symptoms by the premenstrual phase (Steiner & Wilkins, 1996). The 30% change in ratings of symptoms has been shown to be too liberal and a poor discriminator when comparing women with self-reported severe PMS, women using contraceptives whose natural cyclicity has been suppressed and women with normal cyclicity who report no premenstrual symptoms (Gallant et al, 1992). Gallant et al emphasise that what may be more clinically relevant is women’s perceptions of variations in social and occupational functioning and “the way in which having PMS is meaningful in a woman’s life”. The authors’ concern is that ever more stringent criteria might result in the exclusion from studies or treatment of significantly troubled individuals. The diagnosis of PMS was operationalised with the introduction of the term ‘late luteal phase dysphoric disorder’ (LLPDD) into DSM–III–R (APA, 1987) under the section headed ‘Proposed diagnostic categories needing further study’. Subsequently, a work group on LLPDD reported to the DSM–IV Task Force, culminating in its inclusion in DSM–IV Most articles on the management of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) begin by noting that the term “premenstrual tension” was first coined by R. T. Frank in 1931 and “pre-menstrual syndrome” by Greene & Dalton in 1953. However, in 1847, Dr Ernst F. von Feuchtersleben wrote:
منابع مشابه
Management of premenstrual syndrome.
©FSRH J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2009: 35(3) Introduction The diagnosis and management of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are reviewed, in particular, the evidence for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Additionally, this review takes a wider view of the situation with particular emphasis on recent attempts to achieve a global consensus on definitions and management. The develo...
متن کاملCalcium and Vitamin D Metabolism in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome; An Update on the Existing Literature
Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is the leading cause of childhood Nephrotic Syndrome (NS). Therefore in pediatrics nephrotic syndrome, most children beyond the first year of life will be treated with corticosteroids without an initial biopsy. Children with NS often display a number of calcium homeostasis disturbances causing abnormal bone histology, including hypocalcemia, reduced serum vitamin D...
متن کاملThe Effect of Wheat Germ Extract on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms
Pre-menstrual syndrome is one of the most common disorders in women and causes impairment in work and social relationships. Several treatment modalities have been proposed, one of which is herbal medicines. Considering the properties of wheat germ, this study aimed to determine the effects of wheat germ extract on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.This triple blind clinical trial was conduc...
متن کاملThe Effect of Wheat Germ Extract on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms
Pre-menstrual syndrome is one of the most common disorders in women and causes impairment in work and social relationships. Several treatment modalities have been proposed, one of which is herbal medicines. Considering the properties of wheat germ, this study aimed to determine the effects of wheat germ extract on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.This triple blind clinical trial was conduc...
متن کاملاثربخشی آرمیدگی عضلانی بر کاهش علایم سندرم پیش از قاعدگی
Abstract Background: Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by the cycle occurrence physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstruation cycle and will disappear within a few days of the onset of menstruation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of relaxation therapy on premenstrual syndrome. Materials and methods: This was a double-blind clinic...
متن کامل